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Tuesday, March 26, 2024

Odisha Teacher Bharti 2024: गवर्नमेंट शिक्षकों की बंपर भर्ती, इस राज्य ने निकाली वैकेंसी, TGT के 2000 से अधिक पद

Odisha TET / OTET : 

Odisha Teacher Bharti 2024: गवर्नमेंट शिक्षकों की बंपर भर्ती, इस राज्य ने निकाली वैकेंसी, TGT के 2000 से अधिक पद

Sarkari Teacher Bharti: ओडिशा राज्य सरकार ने अपने सरकारी स्कूलों में गवर्नमेंट शिक्षकों की बंपर भर्ती का ऐलान किया है. ये भर्ती टीजीटी यानी ट्रेंड ग्रेजुएट टीचर, संस्कृत शिक्षक, हिंदी शिक्षक के पदों पर की जाएंगी.

OSSSC Recruitment 2024: ओडिशा सब-ऑर्डिनेट स्टाफ सिलेक्शन कमिशन (OSSSC) ने नई भर्ती का नोटिफिकेशन जारी किया है. आयोग ने एसटी, एससी विकास, एम और बीसीडब्ल्यू विभाग के तहत सरकारी स्कूलों में शिक्षकों की 2000 से अधिक पदों पर भर्ती के लिए यह नोटिफिकेशन जारी किया है. ये भर्तियां सरकारी स्कूलों में शिक्षकों के जिला कैडर पदों की विभिन्न श्रेणियों के लिए हैं. सरकारी टीचर बनने की चाह रखने वाले उम्मीदवार इस भर्ती के लिए आधिकारिक वेबसाइट  www.osssc.gov.in पर आवेदन कर सकते हैं. अभी आवेदन की प्रक्रिया शुरू नहीं है, ओएसएसएससी भर्ती 2024 के लिए ऑनलाइन आवेदन फॉर्म 1 अप्रैल से 30 अप्रैल 2024 तक भरे जाएंगे

OSSSC Recruitment 2024: टीजीटी शिक्षकों की भर्ती

ओएसएसएससी भर्ती 2024 अभियान के जरिए शिक्षक के 2629 रिक्त पदों को भरा जाएगा. टीजीटी (कला), टीजीटी (विज्ञान-पीसीएम), टीजीटी (स्कोलेंस-सीबी 2), संस्कृत शिक्षक, हिंदी शिक्षक, फिजिकल एजुकेशन टीचर (पीईटी), ट्राइबर लैंग्वेज टीचर और सेवक / सेविका पदों के लिए रिक्तियां भरी जाएंगी. 

OSSSC Recruitment 2024: महत्वपूर्ण तिथियां

ऑनलाइन रजिस्ट्रेशन प्रक्रिया शुरू होगी: 1 अप्रैल 2024 से 

ऑनलाइन रजिस्ट्रेशन की अंतिम तारीखः 25 अप्रैल 2024 तक 

ऑनलाइन आवेदन जमा करने की तिथिः  1 अप्रैल 2024

ऑनलाइन आवेदन जमा करने की अंतिम तिथि:  30 अप्रैल 2024 तक

 OSSSC Recruitment 2024: उम्र सीमा

ओडिशा शिक्षक भर्ती के लिए उम्मीदवार की आयु 1 अप्रैल, 2024 तक 21 वर्ष हो जानी चाहिए और 38 वर्ष से अधिक नहीं होनी चाहिए. हालांकि, एससी, एसटी, ओबीसी जैसी आरक्षित श्रेणियों के उम्मीदवारों को ऊपरी सीमा में छूट दी जाएगी.

OSSSC Recruitment 2024: सिलेक्शन प्रोसेस

ओएसएसएससी शिक्षक भर्ती लिखित परीक्षा और डॉक्यूमेंट्स वेरिफिकेशन तिथियों की घोषणा आयोग द्वारा उचित समय पर की जाएगी.

OSSSC Teacher Notification 2024, 2629 Vacancies, Eligibility, Apply Online 

Selection Process By  Odisha Sub-Ordinate Staff Selection Commission

Recruitment  OSSSC Teacher Notification 2024

Vacancies  2629

Posts Teacher

Notification Release Date 11 March 2024

Application Start Date  1 April 2024

Application Deadline  25 April 2024

Application Submission last Date 30 April 2024


OSSSC Teacher Vacancies 2024: Odisha SSC has announced 2629 TGT openings for various positions including Physical Education Teacher, Tribal Language Teacher, Hindi, Sanskrit, Telugu, TGT Arts, TGT Science (PCM), and TGT Science (CBZ).

How to Apply for OSSSC Teacher Recruitment 2024: To apply for OSSSC Teacher Recruitment 2024, follow these steps:

  1. Visit the official website of the Odisha Sub-ordinate Staff Selection Commission (OSSSC).
  2. Navigate to the "Career" or "Recruitment" section.
  3. Locate the OSSSC Teacher Recruitment 2024 application link.
  4. New users may need to register by providing basic details, while registered users can log in.
  5. Fill in the application form with accurate information regarding your background, education, and employment history.
  6. Upload scanned copies of required documents such as diplomas, photo, signature, and any additional documents specified.
  7. Pay the application fee through online payment methods.
  8. Review the application carefully before submission and print the acknowledgment for your records.

OSSSC Teacher Application Fee 2024: According to the short notice, no application fee is required for OSSSC Teacher recruitment in 2024, providing an opportunity for all eligible candidates to apply without financial barriers.

OSSSC Teacher Eligibility Criteria 2024: Detailed eligibility criteria will be released on the official OSSSC website. Expected criteria include:

  • Education Qualification: Applicants must hold a degree with a related subject from a recognized organization/board.
  • Age Limit: Candidates should be between 21 and 38 years old as of April 1, 2024, with age relaxation for SC, ST, or OBC candidates as per government guidelines.

OSSSC Teacher Selection Process 2024: The selection process involves a written examination and document verification. Eligible candidates can apply online and participate in the written test. Selection will be based on written test scores followed by document verification.

OSSSC Teacher Pay Scale 2024: Details regarding pay scale will be disclosed soon by OSSSC in the official notification. Refer to the OSSSC website for updated information on pay scale, eligibility, and other terms and conditions






Odisha Teachers' Eligibility Test 
http://naukri-recruitment-result.blogspot.com/
http://o-tet.blogspot.com/

Odisha TET  / टीईटी / TET - Teacher Eligibility Test Updates / Teacher Recruitment  /SARKARI NAUKRI NEWS  / SARKARI NAUKRI News

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CGTET : छत्तीसगढ़ में 33 हजार शिक्षकों की भर्ती की तैयारियां तेज:3 साल बाद फिर होगी TET परीक्षा, मंत्री बृजमोहन अग्रवाल ने SCERT को दिए निर्देश

 CGTET : छत्तीसगढ़ में 33 हजार शिक्षकों की भर्ती की तैयारियां तेज:3 साल बाद फिर होगी TET परीक्षा, मंत्री बृजमोहन अग्रवाल ने SCERT को दिए निर्देश

छत्तीसगढ़ के स्कूल शिक्षा मंत्री बृजमोहन अग्रवाल ने SCERT संचालक राजेंद्र कटारा को राज्य में जल्द शिक्षक पात्रता परीक्षा (TET) आयोजित कराने के निर्देश दिए हैं। उनके निर्देश के बाद SCERT ने व्यावसायिक परीक्षा मंडल (व्यापमं) को पत्र लिखकर राज्य में जल्द से जल्द टीईटी परीक्षा के आयोजन के लिए कहा है।

CG Teacher Recruitment: छत्तीसगढ़ में 33 हजार शिक्षकों की होगी भर्ती, लोकसभा चुनाव के पहले निकलेगा विज्ञापन, 25 हजार नए अंग्रेजी मीडियम स्कूल भी खुलेंगे

Chhattisgarh Shikshak Bharti: स्कूल शिक्षा मंत्री बृजमोहन अग्रवाल ने लिखा कि छत्तीसगढ़ विधानसभा में मेरी घोषणा के अनुसार 33000 शिक्षकों की भर्ती की प्रक्रिया शुरू होने के साथ ही 22000 शिक्षकों का प्रमोशन का प्रोसेस भी शुरू हो चुका है


राज्य ब्यूरो,रायपुर। प्रदेश में एक वर्ष के भीतर 33 हजार शिक्षकों की भर्ती की जाएगी। लोकसभा चुनाव के पहले भर्ती के लिए विज्ञापन का सिलसिला शुरू हो जाएगा। छत्तीसगढ़ विधानसभा में बुधवार को विभागीय अनुदान मांगों पर चर्चा के दौरान स्कूल, उच्च शिक्षा व धर्मस्व मंत्री बृजमोहन अग्रवाल ने कहा कि शिक्षा का स्तर और बेहतर होगा। प्रदेश के स्कूलों में शिक्षकों की कमी दूर होगी। 25 हजार स्कूलों में अंग्रेजी माध्यम में पढ़ाई शुरू की जाएगी। जो काम कांग्रेस की सरकार में पांच वर्ष में नहीं हो सका, वह हम एक वर्ष के भीतर करके दिखाएंगे। नए स्कूलों के निर्माण के साथ ही स्कूलों का कायाकल्प किया जाएगा। स्कूलों में धर्म व अध्यात्म की शिक्षा दी जाएगी। सभी स्कूलों में आधे घंटे योग की कक्षाएं चलेंगी। सदन में मंत्री ने कहा कि आत्मानंद स्कूल को भ्रष्टाचार का गढ़ बनाया गया था। 800 करोड़ रुपये की राशि केवल मरम्मत में खर्च कर दी गई। आत्मानंद स्कूलों में शिक्षकों का भविष्य भी नष्ट किया गया। इसे कलेक्टरों की समिति से हटाकर स्कूल शिक्षा विभाग के तहत संचालित किया जाएगा।
अगले सत्र से नई शिक्षा होगी लागू
चर्चा के दौरान स्कूल शिक्षा मंत्री ने बताया कि नए शिक्षा सत्र से नई शिक्षा नीति प्रदेश में लागू की जाएगी। साथ ही ग्रामीण क्षेत्र के छात्रों को कालेजों आने-जाने के लिए छह हजार रुपये ट्रैवल अलाउंस मिलेगा। जिन स्कूलों में बाउंड्रीवाल नहीं है, उसे व्यवस्थित किया जाएगा। स्कूलों में स्पोर्ट्स कैलेंडर के अनुसार खेलकूद के आयोजनों को फिर से शुरू किया जाएगा।

स्कूलों की गुणवत्ता सुधारने की कवायद
छत्तीसगढ़ शिक्षक नियुक्ति 2024(Chhattisgarh Teacher Recruitment 2024) के माध्यम से राज्यों के सरकारी स्कूलों में शिक्षकों की भर्ती की जाएगी। राज्य सरकार सभी साशकीय स्कूलों में शिक्षा की गुणवत्ता सुधारने के मकसद से यह कदम उठा रही है। इसके लिए छत्तीसगढ व्यापम (Chhattisgarh Vyapam) की ऑफिशियल वेबसाइट पर इसके लिए ऑनलाइन आवेदन किया जा सकता है।

तय होने लगी हैं नियम और शर्तें
राज्य में होने वाली शिक्षक भर्ती के लिए नियम-शर्तें तय की जाने लगी हैं। इस बार स्कूल शिक्षा विभाग भर्ती शर्तों में कई संशोधन करने की तैयारी में है।विभागीय अफसरों की माने तो, स्कूल शिक्षा मंत्री बृजमोहन अग्रवाल ने संशोधनों के लिए अनुमोदन दे दिया है। संशोधनों की स्वीकृति के लिए सामान्य प्रशासन विभाग को सुझाव भेज दिया गया है। अभी तक सरकार की ओर से इस संबंध में आधिकारिक अधिसूचना (official Notification) जारी नहीं की गई। हालांकि उम्मीद की जा रही है कि लोकसभा चुनाव 2024 से पहले इसके लिए अधिसूचना जारी कर दी जाएगी। 

छत्तीसगढ़ शिक्षक भर्ती से जुड़ी तीन महत्वपूर्ण बातें

  • छत्तीसगढ़ शिक्षा मंत्री बृजमोहन अग्रवाल ने SCERT संचालक राजेंद्र कटारा को शिक्षक पात्रता परीक्षा (TET) जल्द आयोजित कराने के निर्देश दिए हैं। इसके बाद SCERT ने व्यावसायिक परीक्षा मंडल को पत्र लिखकर TET परीक्षा के आयोजन के लिए कहा है।
  • छत्तीसगढ़ में करीब 3 साल से टीईटी का आयोजन नहीं हुआ है। जिसके चलते युवा अभ्यर्थियों ने शिक्षा मंत्री बृजमोहन अग्रवाल को राज्य में टीईटी परीक्षा आयोजित करने के लिए ज्ञापन सौंपा था।
  • छत्तीसगढ़ के विश्वविद्यालयों और महाविद्यालयों में 4,200 से ज्यादा खाली पदों पर जल्द भर्ती प्रक्रिया शुरू की जाएगी। इनमें प्राध्यापक के 595, सहायक प्राध्यापक के 2150, क्रीड़ा अधिकारी के 130, ग्रंथपाल 130, तृतीय श्रेणी के 350 और चतुर्थ श्रेणी के 930 पद शामिल हैं।

भर्ती से जुड़े शर्तों में दी जा सकती है छूट
हालांकि, जीएडी से अभी तक भर्ती शर्तों से जुड़े संशोधनों को मंजूरी नहीं दी गई है। हालांकि, जैसे ही नई शर्तों को मंजूरी दी जाएगी, अधिसूचना जारी कर दी जाएगी। ऐसा कहा जा रहा है कि आचार संहिता लागू होने से पहले भर्ती विज्ञापन जारी कर दिया जाएगा। बातें कि पिछली कांग्रेस ने राज्य में शिक्षकों के 12,489 पदों पर भर्ती के विज्ञापन निकाले थे, उस समय भी कई अहम शर्तों में छूट दी गई थी। यह वजह कि इस बार मौजूदा सरकार ने भी भर्ती के नियमों और शर्तों में कई सहूलियतें देने पर विचार कर रही है


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CG TET 2024 Notification (Released) Exam Date, Eligibility, Fee, Apply Online

 CGTET : CG TET 2024 Notification (Released) Exam Date, Eligibility, Fee, Apply Online

राज्य शैक्षिक अनुसंधान और प्रशिक्षण परिषद्, छत्तीसगढ़ के अंतर्गत छत्तीसगढ़ शिक्षक पात्रता परीक्षा (TET24) -2024 एवं बी.एस.सी. नर्सिंग(BSCN24) प्रवेश परीक्षा के ऑनलाइन आवेदन आमंत्रित करने के सम्बंध में सूचना

The CG TET application 2024 is being held from March 7 to April 7, 2024. The CG TET 2024 exam will be conducted offline on June 23, 2024

Important Dates

  • Application Start Date: 07-03-2024
  • Application Last Date: 07-04-2024
  • Correction Window: 08 to 10 April 2024
  • Exam Date (Tentative): 23 June 2024 (Sunday)

Notification for Teacher Eligibility Test 2024 in Chhattisgarh is released officially by 7 March 2024 for Paper I and II. Candidates who meet certain eligibility criteria is able to apply by visiting the official website, which is accessible at vyapam.cgstate.gov.in/.

CG TET 2024 Notification 

The Chhattisgarh Professional Examination Board released the notification for CG TET 2024, likely on March 7, 2024. Candidates aspiring to take the Teacher Eligibility Test should note that the application form will be available for a duration of four weeks following the advertisement's release

Notification ReleaseMarch 7, 2024
Application Period7 March to 7 April 2024
Exam NameCG TET 2024
Organization CGPEB 
Educational QualificatinPaper I – Intermediate exam + 2 years DElEd or 4 years Bachelor’s in Elementary Education
Paper II – Bachelor’s degree + 2 years DElEd, 4 years Bachelor’s in Elementary Education, or 4 years Bachelor’s of Education
Age Limit Paper I – 18 years and above
Paper II- 21 years and above
Application Fee₹350 (General), ₹250 (OBC), ₹200 (SC/ST) for single paper
₹600 (General), ₹400 (OBC), ₹300 (SC/ST) for both Papers
Exam Date23 June 2024
Exam Pattern150 multiple-choice questions, 2 hours 30 minutes, no negative marking



Notification LinkCheck Here
Apply LinkCheck Here
General Information Check Here
Syllabus :  https://vyapam.cgstate.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-03/3.1-%20Syllabus%20%20Hindi%20TET24.pdf



Educational Qualification:

  • CG TET 2024 will be held by the Chhattisgarh Professional Examination Board for Paper I and II. Candidates who want to participate in the exam must have required educational qualification for the respective Paper, which is available below.
  • Paper I – A candidate must have passed the Intermediate exam and he or she must have pursued 2 years Diploma in Elementary Education or 4 years Bachelor’s in Elementary Education.
  • Paper II – An individual must have pursued a Bachelor’s degree from a recognised institution/university and 2 years Diploma in Elementary Education, 4 years Bachelor’s in Elementary Education, or 4 years Bachelor’s of Education.
  • Note: 1.5 years i.e. 18 months DElEd pursued candidates are not eligible to participate in the CG TET 2024 for either Paper I or II.

Age Limit:

  • There is no upper age limit for the Chhattisgarh Teacher Eligibility Test 2023 for Paper I or II. But one must have attended the age of 18 and 21 years, of he or she applying for Paper I and II, respectively.

CG TET 2024 Application Fee

Candidates who want to participate in the Teacher Eligibility Test 2024 for Paper I or II will have to pay the application fee of ₹350 if the applicant belongs to the General. For the Other Backward Class and Schedule Caste/Tribes, the application fee is only ₹250 and ₹200, respectively. 

Aspirants must be aware of the fact that incase of applying for both Paper I and II, one will have to pay ₹600, ₹400 and ₹300, if an individual belongs to UR, OBC and SC/ST, respectively. It will be payable using the debit card, credit card, NET banking or UPI.

CG TET 2024 Exam Date

Exam date for the Teacher Eligibility Test 2024 for Paper I and II is yet to be announced officially by the Chhattisgarh Professional Examination Board. Candidates who want to participate in the CG TET 2024 for one or two paper(s), need to know that it may take place on 23 June 2024, if the notification is released on time.

CG TET 2024 Exam Pattern 

CGPEB will hold the TET in offline mode, in each paper, there will be a total number of 150 multiple-choice questions from different sections. To attempt the maximum number of MCQs, an individual will get a time duration upto 2 hours and 30 minutes. Each question will carry a weightage of 1 mark and no marks will be deducted for incorrect response. 

Examination Pattern

For paper 1 (Primary Teacher)

The time of the exam can be 1 ½ hours. The paper consists of 150 questions for 150 marks. The distribution of marks and questions in each concern is given under

SubjectsQuestionsMarks
Child Development and Pedagogy3030
Language I3030
Language II3030
Mathematics3030
Environmental Studies3030

For paper 2 (Upper Primary stage Teacher)

The length of the examination may be 1 ½ hours. The paper will encompass 210 questions for 210 marks. The distribution of marks and questions in every concern is given under

SubjectsQuestionsMarks
Child Development and Pedagogy3030
Language I3030
Language II3030
Maths or Science (For Maths and Science Teachers)6060
Social Science (For Social Science Teacher)6060




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Monday, March 25, 2024

Basic Shiksha UP News परिषदीय शिक्षकों की प्रोन्नति का रास्ता साफ़ : टी ई टी पास करना जरुरी / TET is mandatory for promotion

 Basic Shiksha UP News परिषदीय शिक्षकों की प्रोन्नति का रास्ता साफ़ : टी ई टी पास करना जरुरी  / TET is mandatory for promotion





 UPTET  / टीईटी TET - Teacher EligibilityTest Updates /   Teacher Recruitment  / शिक्षक भर्ती /  SARKARI NAUKRI NEWS  
,Teacher Eligibility Test (TET),  , UPTET , SARKARI NAUKRI NEWS, SARKARI NAUKRI
Read more: http://naukri-recruitment-result.blogspot.com
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CTETTEACHER ELIGIBILITY TEST (TET)NCTERTEUPTETHTETJTET / Jharkhand TETOTET / Odisha TET  ,
Rajasthan TET /  RTET,  BETET / Bihar TET,   PSTET / Punjab State Teacher Eligibility TestWest Bengal TET / WBTETMPTET / Madhya Pradesh TETASSAM TET / ATET
UTET / Uttrakhand TET , GTET / Gujarat TET , TNTET / Tamilnadu TET APTET / Andhra Pradesh TET , CGTET / Chattisgarh TETHPTET / Himachal Pradesh TET
 
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UP Basic Mutual Transfer : दो शिक्षकों ने आपस में म्यूचल ट्रांसफर की मांग कोर्ट के सामने रखी , और कहा कि 5 साल मिनिमम सेवा का प्रतिबन्ध भी हटाया जाए , इस पर कोर्ट ने क्या कहा -

UP Basic Mutual Transfer : दो शिक्षकों ने आपस में म्यूचल ट्रांसफर की मांग कोर्ट के सामने रखी , और कहा कि 5 साल मिनिमम सेवा का प्रतिबन्ध भी हटाया जाए , इस पर कोर्ट ने क्या कहा -  

कोर्ट ने कहा की वह सीधे आदेश जारी नहीं कर सकती की किसी तरह की पॉलिसी बनाओ | 
और वर्तमान पॉलिसी में वह किसी भी तरह की संवैधानिक अड़चन व उल्लंघन नहीं देखती , बोर्ड ने कहा है की म्यूचल ट्रांसफर के लिए ऑनलाइन पोर्टल खोलेगा , उसमे याची शिक्षक नियमानुसार आवेदन कर सकते हैं , पुरुष शिक्षकों के लिए 5 वर्ष और महिला शिक्षकों के लिए 2 वर्ष मिनिमम सेवा बनी रहेगी, मतलब ज्यों का त्यों रहगी  |  

28. Paragraphs 43, 51, 52 and 53 of the judgment in S.K. Nausad Rahaman (supra), relied upon by the petitioners, recognize the principle that in exercise of judicial review the Court cannot direct the executive to frame a particular policy. Yet, the legitimacy of a policy can be assessed on the touchstone of constitutional parameters. The constitutional values are also taken into consideration while designing its policy. In the facts of the case we do not find the policy to be either violating the constitutional parameters or infringing the constitutional values. Petitioners, therefore, cannot draw any substance from the observation contained in paragraphs 43, 51, 52, 53 of the judgment in S.K. Nausad Rahaman (supra). 29. In view of the deliberations and discussion held above, we dispose off the writ petition on following terms:- (i) Challenge laid to Clause 1 and 15 of the Government Order dated 2.6.2023 as well as challenge to Circular dated 8.6.2023 fails and are rejected. (ii) In light of the statement made by the Board that online applications for inter-district transfer would be entertained shortly, and claim of eligible Assistant Teachers would be dealt with, it is provided that the Board shall open the online portal for mutual transfer, at the earliest possible, preferably within six weeks and claim of eligible teachers shall be dealt with, as per law. (iii) Condition contained in the policy requiring, in normal circumstances, minimum length of service of five years in the cadre for male teacher and two years service for female teachers before seeking transfer is upheld. Challenge to such policy fails, accordingly. (iv) Parties to bear their own costs.




Kul Bhushan Mishra And Another vs State Of U.P. And 4 Others on 16 June, 2023
Bench: Ashwani Kumar Mishra, Ashutosh Srivastava




HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD
 
 


Neutral Citation No. - 2023:AHC:127211-DB
 
Court No. - 74
 

 
Case :- WRIT - A No. - 10209 of 2023
 
Petitioner :- Kul Bhushan Mishra And Another
 
Respondent :- State Of U.P. And 4 Others
 
Counsel for Petitioner :- Satyendra Chandra Tripathi
 
Counsel for Respondent :- C.S.C,Bipin Bihari Pandey
 

 
Hon'ble Ashwani Kumar Mishra,J.
 
Hon'ble Ashutosh Srivastava,J.

1. Petitioners in the present writ are Assistant Teacher working in Primary Institution run by the District Basic Education Board. Petitioner No. 1 was appointed by District Basic Education Officer, Kaushambi on 10.3.2019 and is posted in Block Nevada, District Kaushambi. Petitioner No. 2 is appointed as Assistant Teacher in Block Dhanupur, District Prayagraj. Petitioner No. 1 claims to be a resident of District Prayagraj; where petitioner no. 2 is a resident of District Fatehpur. Both the petitioners are desirous of seeking inter-district transfer. They have approached this Court challenging Clause 1 and 15 of the Government Order dated 2.6.2023 as well as the consequential circular issued by the Secretary, Board of Basic Education, dated 8.6.2023. A further prayer is made to command the respondents to entertain their application for inter-district transfer without imposing condition of five years service in the concerned district and to grant approval to their transfer in accordance with Rule 21 of the U.P. Basic Education (Teachers) Service Rules, 1981 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Rules of 1981).

2. It is not in dispute service conditions of both the petitioners are regulated by the Rules of 1981. Rule 21 provides for transfer, which is extracted hereinafter:-

"21. Procedure for transfer - There shall be no transfer of any teacher from the rural local area to an urban local area or vice versa or from one urban local area to another of the same district or from local area of one district to that of another district except on the request of or with the consent of the teacher himself and in either case approval of the Board shall be necessary."
3. In addition to the Rules of 1981, the respondents have made U.P. Basic Education (Teachers)(Posting) Rules, 2008 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Rules of 2008'), exercising the powers contained in Section 19(1) of the U.P. Basic Education Act, 1972 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Act of 1972'). Rule 8 of the Rules of 2008 is relevant and is reproduced hereinafter:-

"8. Posting. - (1)(a) Three options for schools shall be asked from the handicapped candidates in order of their merit and after receiving such options the handicapped candidates shall be posted on the basis of options given by them and the vacancies. (b) Based on the order of their merit, female teachers would be required to submit under their signature option of three schools each from the general and backward block and accordingly, posting would be given in one of these schools. (c) The posting of male teachers shall be made in accordance with the order of candidates, in the roster prepared under Rule 7. (2)(a) The newly appointed male teachers shall initially be posted compulsorily in backward areas for a period of at least five years. (b) Newly appointed female teachers shall also be compulsorily posted in backward areas for a period of at least two years. (c) Mutual transfers within the district from general block of backward block and vice-versa would be permitted with the condition that the teacher on mutual transfer to a backward block shall have to serve in that block compulsorily for five years. Mutual transfers would be permitted only in case of those teachers who have more than remaining five year's service. (d) In normal circumstances the applications for inter-district transfers in respect of male and female teachers will not be entertained within five years of their posting. But under special circumstances, applications for inter-district transfers in respect of female teachers would be entertained to the place of residence of their husband or in law's district. (e) If by virtue of posting of newly appointed or promoted teachers the primary and upper primary schools of backward blocks get saturated i.e., no post of teacher is vacant in these schools, then handicapped and female teachers on their choice can be adjusted against the vacant posts of general blocks from these saturated blocks. (f) Mutual transfers of male/female teachers from one backward block to another can be considered. (3) Teachers transferred from one district to another will be given posting as per the provisions of these rules."
4. Clause 1 and 15 of the Government Order dated 2.6.2023, challenged in this petition, are reproduced hereinafter:-

"(1) - जनपद में नियमित सेवाविधि शिक्षिका के लिए 02 वर्ष एवं शिक्षक के लिए 05 वर्ष होना अनिवार्य होगा। सेवाविधि की गणना कार्यरत जनपद के दिनांक से की जायेगी। (15) - शैक्षिक सत्र 2023 - 24 के लिए अन्तर्जनपदीय एवं पारस्परिक स्थानान्तरण की समस्त प्रक्रिया शासनादेश के क्रम में राष्ट्रीय सूचना विज्ञान केन्द्र लखनऊ से विचार विमर्श के उपरान्त समस सारिणी के अनुसार ऑनलाइन किया जायेगा। ऑफलाइन आवेदन पत्र पर किसी भी दशा में विचार नही किया जायेगा। "
5. Circular dated 8.6.2023 is also challenged on the ground that the Board has invited applications for inter-district transfer of Assistant Teachers, but while doing so, the transfers by way of mutual consent have been excluded. It is urged that once applications are being entertained by the Board for transfer of teachers, there is no justification for the authorities not to include teachers who are seeking mutual transfer.

6. Grievance of petitioners are essentially two fold. The first part of their grievance is that while inviting applications for transfer of Assistant Teachers, there is no rationale to exclude teachers seeking transfers on mutual consent. Secondly, it is urged that the restriction of five years service by a male teacher before applying for transfer is arbitrary and discriminatory. It is also urged that Rules of 2008 do not regulate transfer of teachers and as no such restriction is contained in Rule 21 of the Rules of 1981, as such, the restriction imposed of five years service is unwarranted and arbitrary.

7. Petitioners rely upon the National Education Policy, 2020 to submit that the policy contemplates decent and pleasent conditions of service at schools and, therefore, request for mutual transfers be considered liberally, without imposing any restriction of minimum length of service in the district concerned. Reliance has also been placed upon the judgment of the Supreme Court in S.K. Nausad Rahaman and others Vs. Union of India and others, AIR 2022 SC 1494 and the Supreme Court in State of Assam Vs. Ranga Muhammad, AIR 1967 SC 903 to submit that Rules of 2008 will have no applicability in the matter of transfer.

8. Ms. Archana Singh, appearing for the Basic Education Board also places reliance upon the judgment of the Supreme Court in S.K. Nausad Rahaman (supra), particularly paragraphs 25 to 29 thereof, in order to submit that petitioners cannot claim entitlement to transfer as a matter of right. She further submits that the online portal for transfer has so far not been extended to mutual transfer on account of certain technical glitch and that the process would be initiated shortly. She further submits that as and when petitioners apply for such transfer their cases shall be considered as per the policy.

9. We have heard Sri Satyendra Chandra Tripathi for the petitioners, Ms. Archana Singh for District Basic Education Board and learned Standing Counsel for the State.

10. Admittedly both the petitioners are Assistant Teacher. Their service conditions including transfer is governed by the Rules of 1981. Rule 21, extracted above, provides for the procedure for transfer of teacher from rural local area to urban local area or vice-versa or from one local area to another of the same district or local area of one district to that of another district except on the request of, or with the consent of, teacher himself and in either case approval of the Board shall be necessary. Methodology to be followed for transfer of Assistant Teacher appears to have been formulated by the Board, which is consistent with Para 5.3 of the National Education Policy 2020 specifically providing that transfers of teachers will be conducted through online computerized system that ensures transparency. Clause 5.3 of the Policy is reproduced hereinafter:-

"5.3. The harmful practice of excessive teacher transfers will be halted, so that students have continuity in their role models and educational environments. Transfers will occur in very special circumstances, as suitably laid down in a structured manner by State/UT governments. Furthermore, transfers will be conducted through an online computerized system that ensures transparency."
11. So far as the petitioners grievance with regard to mutual transfer not being allowed is concerned, we find from the perusal of the Government Order dated 2.6.2023 that it lays down the policy for inter-district transfer of teachers working in the institutions run by the Basic Education Board as also for mutual transfer. Petitioners grievance is that the Board while inviting applications on the online portal has restricted the applications only for inter-district transfer and has kept aside applications for mutual transfer.

12. On behalf of the respondents it is admitted that as of now applications are invited only for inter-district transfers. A categorical statement, however, is made that the process is not initiated for mutual transfer since there are some technical glitch and that the process will be initiated shortly. The statement made by Ms. Archana Singh, therefore, adequately protects the petitioners so far as their grievance on the first count is concerned.

13. It is the second part of the argument relating to requirement of five year working for making application for transfer which requires consideration. Rule 21 has already been reproduced above which provides the procedure for transfer.

14. Part II of the Rules of 1981 specifies the cadre and strength of Assistant Teacher. Rule 4(1) contemplates separate cadre of service under the Rules of 1981 for each local area. Sub-rule (2) stipulates that cadre of teaching staff shall be determined by Board, from time to time, with the previous approval of the State Government. Two kinds of local area are contemplated in the Rules of 1981, namely 'rural local area' and 'urban local area'. This distinction was primarily drawn as initial jurisdiction over rural local area was exercised by Zila Panchayat while for urban local area it was either the Nagar Nigam, Nagar Panchayat, Town Area or notified area, which exercised its jurisdiction. Authority exercising its jurisdiction over such cadre has undergone a change but the two seperate cadre subsists in the district. Rule 21 permits transfer from the rural area to an urban local area or vice-versa or from urban local area to another of the same district or from local area of one district to that of another district to be made only on the request or with the consent of teacher himself and in either case approval of the Board is necessary. It is, therefore, apparent that transfer of a teacher from one cadre to another would be permissible either on his consent or on the request of the teacher. In both the exigencies, however, approval of the Board is necessary. Transfer from one cadre to another otherwise is not contemplated.

15. Rules of 1981 do not lay down the criteria for grant of approval by the Board to the request of transfer. In order to ensure that transfers are made in a fair and uniform manner, it is always open for the competent authority to lay down the criteria for grant of approval to such transfers. The criteria for transfer apparently has been formulated by the State vide Government Order dated 2.6.2023 for the Academic Session 2023-24. Petitioners are aggrieved by Clause 1 and 15 of the Government Order. Clause 1 states that female teacher must complete two years while male teacher must complete five years before her/his transfer would be considered. Clause 15 of the Government Order, under challenge, specifies that the transfer process would be undertaken in consultation with NIC in an online format. In no circumstance an offline application would be considered.

16. So far as the resort to the online process for effecting the transfer is concerned, we find that the direction in that regard is in conformity with Clause 5.3 of the National Education Policy, 2020 which requires transfers to be conducted through an online computerized system that ensures transparency. Even otherwise, we do not find any error in the Government Order dated 2.6.2023; whereby the process is to be undertaken in consultation with NIC Lucknow on the basis of an online process. The process undertaken online, prima facie, eliminates the possibility of any pick and choose and is expected to be transparent. The process undertaken online otherwise does not contravene any provision of statute nor goes contrary to any constitutional scheme. We, therefore, find no error in Clause 15 of the Government Order dated 2.6.2023 requiring the process to be undertaken online and thereby decline the entertainment of application in the offline format. The challenge laid to Clause 15 of the Government Order with regard to Transfer Policy, therefore, fails.

17. So far as Clause 1 of the Government Order dated 2.6.2023 is concerned, it requires that before applying for transfer under Rule 21, a female teacher must complete two years service in the district while for male teacher such period is specified as five years. The decision to insist upon minimum term of two years for female teachers and five years for male teachers has been subject matter of consideration by this Court in different writ petitions. So far as the decision in respect of a male Assistant Teacher appointed in a Primary School run by Basic Education Board is concerned, this Court in Writ Petition No. 4950 of 2018 (Anuruddha Kumar Tripathi Vs. State of U.P. and 5 others) observed as under in para 19:-

"19. In light of the aforesaid discussions, it is held that transfer of a male assistant teacher from one district to another, in a basic school, can ordinarily be made only after completion of 05 year initial posting in backward area in accordance with Rule 8(2)(d) of the Rules of 2008 as well as the policy framed for the purpose. However, in extraordinary or exceptional circumstances an application for transfer can be considered by the Basic Shiksha Parishad even before expiry of such term. The question whether in a given case extraordinary circumstances exists or not has to be examined by the Basic Shiksha Parishad."
The above observation appears to have been made relying upon the language used in Rule 8(2)(d) of the Rules of 2008, which contains the expression 'In normal circumstances' and therefore clearly excludes exceptional circumstances, to be determined by the Board.

18. Reliance is also placed upon the judgment of this Court in Kamini Singh Vs. State of U.P. and others, Writ Petition No. 8532 of 2018, wherein vires of sub-rule (d) of sub-rule (2) of Rule 8 of the Rules of 2008 had been challenged on the ground that classification of teachers based on their gender is impermissible. The Division Bench repelled the contention in following terms:-

"From a simple reading of the aforesaid Rules, it is apparent that the post of assistant teacher is a district cadre post and the appointing authority is the District Basic Education Officer. Upon selection, posting of a teacher is to be made as per the provisions of Rules 2008. In other words inter-district transfer is an exception to the general rule pertaining to placement and posting of teachers in blocks within the district is compulsory."
After noticing various judgments of the Apex Court on the issue, the Division Bench observed further as under:-

"The authorities relied upon by the learned counsel for the petitioner is of no assistance. The main part of Rule 8(2)(d) does not discriminate on gender, any teacher can seek transfer outside the district after five years of service, which is applicable to both male and female teachers uniformly, exception has been carved out by the impugned rule in respect of married female teacher to seek transfer after marriage. The rule requiring compulsory posting is to achieve the purpose and policy of providing teachers in schools located in remote areas of the district which ultimately serves the interest of the students and, in particular, teacher less schools. The functioning of schools would come to stand still if request of frequent transfer outside district is entertained, hence, the rules compulsorily requires posting of a teacher for five years before applying for inter-district transfer. The rule uniformly applies to male/female teachers, except married female teacher. The choice of district upon marriage gets altered, therefore, the married female teacher is permitted by the impugned rule to seek inter-district transfer in the changed circumstances due to her marital status. When a law is challenged as denying equal protection; the question for determination by the Court is not whether it has resulted in inequality, but whether there is some difference which bears a just and reasonable relation to the object of legislation. Mere differentiation or inequality of treatment or inequality of burden does not perse amount to discrimination within the inhibition of the equal protection clause. To attract the operation of the clause it is necessary to show that the selection or differentiation is unreasonable or arbitrary; that is it does not rest on any rational basis having regard to the object which the rule making authority has in view. When, therefore, a law is challenged as offending against the guarantee in Article 14, the first duty of the Court is to examine the purpose and policy of the Act/Rule, to be ascertained from an examination of its title, preamble and provisions and then to discover whether the classification made by the law has a reasonable relation to the object which the legislature/rule making authority seeks to obtain. (Vide: Suraj Mall v. Biswanath7, Kedar Nath Bajoria v. State of West Bengal8, P.B. Roy vs- Union of India9,) For the reasons stated herein above, the challenge raised to the vires of sub-clause (d) of sub-rule (2) of Rule 8 of Rules 2008 fails. The writ petition being devoid of merit is, accordingly, dismissed."
19. The argument advanced on behalf of the petitioners that Rules of 2008 would not be applicable in the matter of transfer does not impress us. Petitioner's argument, in this regard, is essentially based on the observation made by the Supreme Court in Para 9 of the judgment in State of Assam (supra), which is reproduced hereinafter:-

"9. In its ordinary dictionary meaning the word 'to post' may denote either (a) to station some one at a place, or (b) to assign someone to a post, i.e., a position or a job, especially one to which a person is appointed. See Webster's New World Dictionary (1962). The dispute in this case has arisen because the State Government applies the first of the two meanings and the High Court the second. In Art. 233 the word 'posting' clearly bears the second meaning. This word occurs in association with the words 'appointment' and 'promotion' and takes its colour from them. These words indicate the stage when a person first gets a position or job and 'posting' by association means the assignment of an appointee or promotee to a position in the cadre of District Judges. That a special meaning may be given to a word because of the collocation of words in which it figures, is a well-recognised canon of construction. Maxwell ("On Interpretation of Statutes", 11th Edn., p. 321 and the following pages) gives numerous examples of the application of this principle, from which one may be given here. The words 'places of public resort' assume a very different meaning when coupled with 'roads and streets' from that which the same words would have if they were coupled with 'houses'. In the same way the word 'posting' cannot be understood in the sense of 'transfer' when the idea of appointment and promotion is involved in the combination. In fact this meaning is quite out of place because 'transfer' operates at a stage beyond appointment and promotion. If 'posting' was intended to mean 'transfer' the draftsman would have hardly chosen to place it between "appointment" and "promotion" and could have easily used the word 'transfer' itself. It follows, therefore, that under Art. 233, the Governor is only concerned with the appointment, promotion and posting to the cadre of District Judges but not with the transfer of District Judges already appointed or promoted and posted to the cadre. The latter is obviously a matter of control of District Judges which is vested in the High Court. This meaning of the word 'posting' is made all the more clear when one reads the provisions of Arts. 234 and 235. By the first of these articles the question of appointment is considered separately but by the second of these articles posting and promotion of persons belonging to the judicial service of the State and holding any post inferior to the post of a District Judge is also vested in the High Court. The word 'post' used twice in the article clearly means the position or job and not the station or place and 'posting' must obviously mean the assignment to a position or job and not placing in-charge of a station or Court. The association of words in Art. 235 is much clearer but as the word 'posting' in the earlier article deals with the same subject-matter, it was most certainly used in the same sense and this conclusion is thus quite apparent."
20. The above observation came to be made in the context of power of transfer to be exercised over district judges in a State. The Supreme Court found that the authority to make transfers was with the High Court and that the State Government was not the competent authority to exercise such power. Highest weight was directed to be given to the opinion of the High Court. Discussion was thus drawn between the expression 'posting' and 'transfer'. The factual scenario in the present case is, however, quite distinct. The service conditions of the petitioners are governed by the Rules of 1981. However, specific Rules of 2008 have been framed in the context of posting of teachers in different local area. Rules of 2008 contemplate list of schools to be prepared for posting of teachers in different institutions. Rule 8 stipulates the manner to be followed for posting of teachers in different institutions. It provides that inter-district transfer would be allowed in normal circumstances to the newly appointed teachers only after completing two years service in case of female teachers and five years service in case of male teachers. Rules of 2008 also provides for the posting of newly promoted teachers. Though the Rules of 2008 are christened as posting rules, but it intents to effectively deal not only with initial posting of teachers but also specifies that such teachers posted in the institution would be entitled to transfer, including mutual transfer, after initial service in the block for five years. Rule 8(1)(d) is specific in that regard. Vires of Rule 8(1)(d) has already been upheld by this Court.

21. Rule 8(1)(d) neither violates any provision of the Act of 1972, nor goes contrary to the Rules of 1981. The posting rules of 2008 in fact lays down the criteria for posting of teachers in different institutions and while doing so, restricts the eligibility for seeking transfer in normal circumstances as two years for female teachers and five years for male teachers. The condition requiring the male teacher to work for five years and female teacher for two years is essentially a matter of policy and unless it is shown to be violative of any Act, Rule or Regulation, we would not be justified in interfering with such policy as it is otherwise not shown to be arbitrary.

22. Assistant Teachers in Basic Education Institutions run by Basic Education Board teach students both in rural local area and urban local area. These teachers are appointed on the basis of a competitive process of recruitment and their posting is also made considering their merit as well as the option exercised by them regarding their place of posting. The roster is also followed for such purposes.

23. The allocation of particular cadre and place of posting to a teacher is thus on the basis of his merit and the option exercised. There is a specific purpose of not entertaining applications for transfer for few years as the teachers are expected to initially work in the specific cadre allocated to them or else the teachers from the very day of their appointment would start maneuvering their transfer to their desired place. The teachers otherwise have an important task to perform and the anxiety on their part must be to impart proper teaching to the students. By restricting their eligibility to seek transfer in normal circumstances for few years the State/Board apparently intents to discourage teachers from hankering for their desired posting soon after their appointment. The requirement for the teachers to serve cadre for a few years before they are allowed to seek transfer thus cannot be said to be arbitrary nor the policy can be questioned on any valid ground.

24. Transfer in the cadre is ordinarily not contemplated for an Assistant Teacher. The transfer from one cadre to another is conditional in terms of Rule 21 and requires approval of the Board. Transfer, therefore, is not stipulated to be claimed as a matter of right in these institutions. The State/Board would thus be justified in laying down a uniform criteria/process for entertaining applications for transfer.

25. In view of our discussions held above, we find no illegality or infirmity in the policy of the State to restrict entertainment of application for transfer in normal circumstances, unless the teacher has completed specified length of service in the cadre. Even otherwise, this Court has already clarified that in exceptional circumstance minimum period can be waived provided the Board is satisfied with regard to existence of exceptional circumstance for transfer. Old age of grand-parents, etc., which is the cause pleaded for transfer, would not constitute exceptional circumstance for transfer. These considerations otherwise are required to be examined by the Board at the first instance.

26. We are not inclined to discard the applicability of Rules of 2008 merely on the nomenclature of it as posting rules as we have already held that the requirement, in normal circumstances, of minimum length of service before seeking transfer does not contravene any provisions of the Rules of 1981 or any provision or Act. Mere nomenclature of Rules as being posting rules is otherwise not decisive.

27. We may gainfully refer to the judgment of the Supreme Court in S.K. Nausad (supra), wherein the Supreme Court has observed as under in paragraphs 25 to 29:-

"25. Second, executive instructions and administrative directions concerning transfers and postings do not confer an indefeasible right to claim a transfer or posting. Individual convenience of persons who are employed in the service is subject to the overarching needs of the administration. 26. Third, policies which stipulate that the posting of spouses should be preferably, and to the extent practicable, at the same station are subject to the requirement of the administration. In this context, J.S. Verma, J. (as the learned Chief Justice then was) speaking for a three-Judge Bench of this Court in Bank of India v. Jagjit Singh Mehta [Bank of India v. Jagjit Singh Mehta, (1992) 1 SCC 306 : 1992 SCC (L&S) 268] held : (SCC pp. 308-09, para 5) "5. There can be no doubt that ordinarily and as far as practicable the husband and wife who are both employed should be posted at the same station even if their employers be different. The desirability of such a course is obvious. However, this does not mean that their place of posting should invariably be one of their choice, even though their preference may be taken into account while making the decision in accordance with the administrative needs. In the case of all-India Services, the hardship resulting from the two being posted at different stations may be unavoidable at times particularly when they belong to different services and one of them cannot be transferred to the place of the other's posting. While choosing the career and a particular service, the couple have to bear in mind this factor and be prepared to face such a hardship if the administrative needs and transfer policy do not permit the posting of both at one place without sacrifice of the requirements of the administration and needs of other employees. In such a case the couple have to make their choice at the threshold between career prospects and family life. After giving preference to the career prospects by accepting such a promotion or any appointment in an all-India Service with the incident of transfer to any place in India, subordinating the need of the couple living together at one station, they cannot as of right claim to be relieved of the ordinary incidents of all-India Service and avoid transfer to a different place on the ground that the spouses thereby would be posted at different places. ... No doubt the guidelines require the two spouses to be posted at one place as far as practicable, but that does not enable any spouse to claim such a posting as of right if the departmental authorities do not consider it feasible. The only thing required is that the departmental authorities should consider this aspect along with the exigencies of administration and enable the two spouses to live together at one station if it is possible without any detriment to the administrative needs and the claim of other employees."
27. The above principle was cited with approval in Union of India v. S.L. Abbas [Union of India v. S.L. Abbas, (1993) 4 SCC 357 : 1994 SCC (L&S) 230] wherein the Court held that transfer is an incident of service : (SCC p. 359, para 7) "7. Who should be transferred where, is a matter for the appropriate authority to decide. Unless the order of transfer is vitiated by mala fides or is made in violation of any statutory provisions, the court cannot interfere with it. While ordering the transfer, there is no doubt, the authority must keep in mind the guidelines issued by the Government on the subject. Similarly if a person makes any representation with respect to his transfer, the appropriate authority must consider the same having regard to the exigencies of administration. The guidelines say that as far as possible, husband and wife must be posted at the same place. The said guideline however does not confer upon the government employee a legally enforceable right."

28. Fourth, norms applicable to the recruitment and conditions of service of officers belonging to the civil services can be stipulated in:

(i) A law enacted by the competent legislature; (ii) Rules made under the proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution; and (iii) Executive instructions issued under Article 73 of the Constitution, in the case of civil services under the Union and Article 162, in the case of civil services under the States.
29.Fifth, where there is a conflict between executive instructions and Rules framed under Article 309, the rules must prevail. In the event of a conflict between the Rules framed under Article 309 and a law made by the appropriate legislature, the law prevails. Where the rules are skeletal or in a situation when there is a gap in the rules, executive instructions can supplement what is stated in the rules. [Union of Indiav. Somasundaram Viswanath, (1989) 1 SCC 175, para 6 : 1989 SCC (L&S) 150]"

28. Paragraphs 43, 51, 52 and 53 of the judgment in S.K. Nausad Rahaman (supra), relied upon by the petitioners, recognize the principle that in exercise of judicial review the Court cannot direct the executive to frame a particular policy. Yet, the legitimacy of a policy can be assessed on the touchstone of constitutional parameters. The constitutional values are also taken into consideration while designing its policy. In the facts of the case we do not find the policy to be either violating the constitutional parameters or infringing the constitutional values. Petitioners, therefore, cannot draw any substance from the observation contained in paragraphs 43, 51, 52, 53 of the judgment in S.K. Nausad Rahaman (supra). 29. In view of the deliberations and discussion held above, we dispose off the writ petition on following terms:- (i) Challenge laid to Clause 1 and 15 of the Government Order dated 2.6.2023 as well as challenge to Circular dated 8.6.2023 fails and are rejected. (ii) In light of the statement made by the Board that online applications for inter-district transfer would be entertained shortly, and claim of eligible Assistant Teachers would be dealt with, it is provided that the Board shall open the online portal for mutual transfer, at the earliest possible, preferably within six weeks and claim of eligible teachers shall be dealt with, as per law. (iii) Condition contained in the policy requiring, in normal circumstances, minimum length of service of five years in the cadre for male teacher and two years service for female teachers before seeking transfer is upheld. Challenge to such policy fails, accordingly. (iv) Parties to bear their own costs.
Order Date:- 16.6.2023 Ranjeet Sahu (Ashutosh Srivastava, J.) (Ashwani Kumar Mishra, J.)    




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